在托福聽力考試中聽出語篇結(jié)構(gòu)是一大重點(diǎn)亦是一大難點(diǎn)，其實(shí)任何對話或文章都是有邏輯可循的，下面我們就來看看構(gòu)成語段的三個基本要素。

大部分的語段都是由三個部分組成的：主旨句、擴(kuò)展句和結(jié)尾句。主旨句用來點(diǎn)出語段的主題思想。擴(kuò)展句圍繞主旨句展開，用來說明、支持和闡述主題思想。結(jié)尾句用來得出結(jié)論，給讀者留下深刻的印象。

下面來看一個托福真題中的例子：

New computing, on the other hand, refers to an approach to design that focuses on the end goal, or more specifically the end-user’s goal; what the individual might need or want out of the computer. It places human beings front and center. In new computing the focus shifts from what computers can do to what people can do with computers. So instead of thinking about big power for the sake of having a fancy impressive machine, developers concentrate on individuals or specific groups of individuals. For example, they create products that support human activities, activities like collecting information or communication or disseminating information to others. I think Da Vinci would be very surprised about how well-informed people are about medical issues today when they arrive at their doctor’s office.
語段分析

該語段的第一句話是主旨句，新的計(jì)算機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)將用戶的目標(biāo)用途作為中心。后面的句子是擴(kuò)展句，進(jìn)一步解釋計(jì)算機(jī)程序設(shè)計(jì)尊重客戶的需求，而不再僅僅局限于計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)本身的發(fā)展。緊接著使用舉例論證，提到了幫助用戶收集信息、交流信息和傳播信息的計(jì)算機(jī)產(chǎn)品，并提出達(dá)芬奇一定會為普通人所掌握的醫(yī)療信息而感到驚嘆不已。

只要明確了這三大基本語段要素，在之后的聽力練習(xí)中我們基本都可以迅速理清篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，更快更精準(zhǔn)的找到聽力重點(diǎn)信息，順利斬獲聽力高分。