對(duì)于托福聽(tīng)力考試來(lái)說(shuō)，考生做筆記能力的重要性不言而喻。許多同學(xué)做不好聽(tīng)力并非素材難度太高生詞太多聽(tīng)不懂在講什么，而是聽(tīng)力材料中覆蓋的信息量太大考生沒(méi)法準(zhǔn)確迅速地記錄到筆記中。想要解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題，學(xué)習(xí)一些實(shí)用的速記符號(hào)是很幫助的，下面就由小編來(lái)做具體介紹。
托福聽(tīng)力做筆記實(shí)用速記符號(hào)介紹：等號(hào)=
等號(hào)=是小編首先要為大家介紹的一個(gè)速記符號(hào)，這個(gè)符號(hào)一般可以用來(lái)表示提到某事refer to，或是發(fā)生某事occur之類的意思，來(lái)看實(shí)例：
聽(tīng)力原文：A concept that people make choices to describe a situation in a positive or negative way is referred to as word framing
速記展示：Word framing = ppl describe a situation in ? or X way
托福聽(tīng)力做筆記實(shí)用速記符號(hào)介紹：原因∵
∵這個(gè)符號(hào)大家在高中數(shù)學(xué)里應(yīng)該學(xué)到過(guò)，表示原因，因?yàn)榈囊馑迹热鏐ecause, as a result of, due to, because of, owing to等等，都可以用這個(gè)符號(hào)來(lái)替代，實(shí)例如下：
聽(tīng)力原文：Due to the increasing popularity of e-books, there has been a fall in paper book sales.
速記展示：∵↑e-books, paper books $↓
托福聽(tīng)力做筆記實(shí)用速記符號(hào)介紹：所以∴
∴這個(gè)符號(hào)和上一個(gè)符號(hào)是對(duì)應(yīng)的，表示所以，因此也就是therefore的含義，也是較為實(shí)用的一個(gè)符號(hào)，具體用法可以參考下面例子：
聽(tīng)力原文：Element 43 has radioactive decay, therefore element 43 doesn't last very long, which means if that ever had been present on earth, it would have decayed ages ago.
速記展示：Elem43 has radioa. decay ∴ it ≠ last long
托福聽(tīng)力做筆記實(shí)用速記符號(hào)介紹：結(jié)果=>
這個(gè)符號(hào)表示某件事導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果，造成的后果等等，常用來(lái)替代有這類含義的詞匯如result in, lead to, contribute to, give rise to, cause等，下面是具體例子：
聽(tīng)力原文：Carbon dioxide significantly contributes to global warming.
速記展示：CO => global warming
托福聽(tīng)力做筆記實(shí)用速記符號(hào)介紹：否定≠
這個(gè)符號(hào)大家應(yīng)該不陌生，放到聽(tīng)力筆記當(dāng)中可以用來(lái)表示isn't, doesn't, don't, can't等等表示各種否定含義的詞匯，速記方法如下：
聽(tīng)力原文：Element 43 has radioactive decay, therefore element 43 doesn't last very long, which means if that ever had been present on earth, it would have decayed ages ago.
速記展示：Elem43 has radioa. decay ∴ it ≠ last long
托福聽(tīng)力做筆記實(shí)用速記符號(hào)介紹：很多/大量+
一個(gè)加號(hào)可以用來(lái)指代聽(tīng)力中出現(xiàn)的很多大量等描述，many, lots of, a great deal of等都可以用+來(lái)代替，比如：
聽(tīng)力原文：Because potatoes have the ability to provide abundant and extremely nutritious food crop, no other crop grew in Northern Europe. As a result, the nutrition of the general population improved tremendously and population soared in the early 1800s.
速記展示：∵ potatoes /nutri crop/+vitamins => popul↑ in Europe 1800s
托福聽(tīng)力做筆記實(shí)用速記符號(hào)介紹：更多++
托福聽(tīng)力中出現(xiàn)比較的情況很多，既然一個(gè)加號(hào)指代很多，那么兩個(gè)加號(hào)自然就是更多的意思了，而引申出來(lái)凡是出現(xiàn)對(duì)比的情況其實(shí)都可以考慮用++來(lái)替代，來(lái)看具體例子：
聽(tīng)力原文：Older and more experienced birds who nest in the high density shrub areas have significantly more offspring than those in low density areas, which suggests the choice of where to nest does have an impact on the number of chicks they have.
速記展示：older birds /nest in high shrub ++offsprings birds/nest in low shrub
托福聽(tīng)力做筆記實(shí)用速記符號(hào)介紹：最多+++
按照上面的邏輯，3個(gè)加號(hào)就可以用來(lái)表示最高級(jí)了，特別是涉及數(shù)量的場(chǎng)合直接用它來(lái)替代就對(duì)了，比如：
聽(tīng)力原文：What was even more surprising were all the large organisms that lived down there. The most distinctive of these was something called the tube worm. Here, let me show you a picture. The tube of the tube worm is really, really long. They can be up to one and half meters long, and these tubes are attached to the ocean floor, pretty weird looking, huh?
速記展示：! +++special = tube warm /long/tubes attached to ocean floor
托福聽(tīng)力做筆記實(shí)用速記符號(hào)介紹：很少/短缺-
既然有加號(hào)表示多，那么自然也應(yīng)該有減號(hào)來(lái)表示少了，總之凡是出現(xiàn)數(shù)量少，或是短缺之類的含義比如Little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of等等，都可以直接用-來(lái)替代掉，看起來(lái)也簡(jiǎn)單易懂，來(lái)看具體例子：
聽(tīng)力原文：As I said the monsoon migrated itself, so there was less rain in the Sahara. The land started to get drier, which in turn caused huge decreases in the amount of vegetation, because vegetation doesn't grow as well in dry soil, right? And then, less vegetation means the soil can't hold water and the soil loses its ability to retain water when it does rain. So then you have less moisture to help clouds form, nothing to evaporate for cloud formation.
速記展示：
- rain in Sahara
land ++dry => vegetation↓
-vegetation => soil ≠ hold water => -water to form cloud
托福聽(tīng)力做筆記實(shí)用速記符號(hào)介紹：重要/有趣!
最后要說(shuō)的是感嘆號(hào)!，這個(gè)符號(hào)可以用來(lái)表示一些在聽(tīng)力中特別提到的重要的important或是有趣的interesting信息，用顯眼醒目的感嘆號(hào)標(biāo)記出來(lái)考生也更容易看到，大家可以這么用：
聽(tīng)力原文：But what's particularly interesting about these volcanoes is that most of the volcanoes here on Earth are not shield volcanoes. Instead, they are other volcano types, like strata volcanoes, for example, which are a result of tectonic plate movement.
速記展示：
! volcanoes on earth ≠ shield volcanoes = strata volcanoes
tectonic plate => volcanoes on earth
上述這些托福聽(tīng)力的速記符號(hào)，小編希望大家能夠嘗試運(yùn)用到自己的筆記記錄當(dāng)中，如果能夠熟練掌握和使用這些符號(hào)，相信大家記錄托福聽(tīng)力內(nèi)容和信息的能力一定會(huì)得到進(jìn)一步提升，聽(tīng)力表現(xiàn)和得分自然也就能水漲船高了。
