交通擁堵是目前很多城市都存在的問題，如何處理交通擁堵是一個世界性難題。托福考試是一項非常“接地氣”的語言考試，考察的話題也多和大家的生活學習相關，環境類就是其中考察頻率比較高的一個熱門話題。下面我們來看一道高分真題回答：Many cities have problems with traffic congestion (traffic jams). What do you think a city should do to deal with traffic jams and why?許多城市都有交通擁堵(擁堵)。你認為一個城市應該怎么處理交通堵塞?為什么?

This is an issue that has global ramifications. Here are some ways we can address this problem.

Firstly, there is a need to expand, to build more roads and bridges to accommodate the growing number of people and cars. There are now fifty times as many cars on the roads as there were in the 1970s. Broadening existing roads into multi-lane overpasses in both the city center and suburbs could help to relieve traffic-related stress in city centers.

In addition, we should redesign the transportation system. Rapid urbanization demands that we rethink and be innovative. Imagine a system in which real-time information is gathered to move buses, cars and trains with maximum efficiency. Smart tickets count commuters on the subway. Sensors embedded in roads enable live feeds of traffic conditions. This sophisticated monitoring system helps to keep road traffic flowing above ground.

這是一個具有全球性影響的問題。下面是一些我們可以解決這個問題的方法。

首先，需要擴大，修建更多的道路和橋梁，以適應越來越多的人和汽車。與上世紀70年代相比現多出了五十倍多的汽車在道路上。在城市中心和郊區把現有道路拓寬為多車道的立交橋可能有助于緩解城市中心的交通壓力。

此外，我們還要重新設計交通運輸系統。快速的城市化要求我們重新思考和創新。設想一個系統，它可以實時收集信息，以最大限度地提高公共汽車、汽車和火車的運行效率。智能票在地鐵上計算通勤人數。道路上的嵌入式傳感器可以對交通狀況進行實況轉播。這種先進的監控系統有助于保持道路交通暢通。

筆記

1. Outline

怎樣解決交通擁堵 R1: build more roads and bridges 建設更多道路 R2: redesign the transportation system to include technology 重新設計交通系統

2. Vocabulary

ramification 衍生后果 派生影響 overpass 天橋 commuters 通勤者 embed 嵌入 sophisticated 復雜的 精致的