Kramer發(fā)現(xiàn)被關(guān)在籠子里的侯鳥同往常去野外開始遷徙的時(shí)候變得焦躁不安。而且，他注意到，當(dāng)這些鳥在籠子里焦躁不安時(shí)，它們通常會(huì)飛向遷徙路徑的方向。于是，Kramer用星椋鳥做實(shí)驗(yàn)，將它們關(guān)在籠子里，總結(jié)出了它們的遷徙方向。事實(shí)上，它們基本都能朝向正確的遷徙方向，陰天除外。因?yàn)殛幪斓臅r(shí)候它們的焦躁不安使得它們難以清楚分辨方向。
根據(jù)本段話，候鳥在什么時(shí)候變得焦躁不安？
A.當(dāng)天氣烏云密布時(shí)
B.當(dāng)他們沒有辨別正常遷移途徑時(shí)
C.當(dāng)他們要開始遷移時(shí)
D.當(dāng)用鏡子改變太陽看起來所在方位時(shí)
根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“焦躁不安”回原文找定位會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，第一句就是在講什么時(shí)候焦躁不安。
然而所有題都可以通過關(guān)鍵詞直接找到真正意義上的定位句嗎？找到定位句后就可以易如反掌地“確認(rèn)過眼神，我遇上對的選項(xiàng)”嗎？
圖樣圖森破。
很多情況下，我們做題所找的定位句相當(dāng)于只是一個(gè)引子，更多的是需要你根據(jù)這個(gè)句子給的線索（通常是邏輯詞），像福爾摩斯探案一樣找到真正含有信息的定位句，把正確選項(xiàng)所包含信息“搜”出來。
比如下面這道題：
The particular symbolic significance of the cave paintings in southwestern France is more explicitly revealed, perhaps, by the results of a study conducted by researchers Patricia Rice and Ann Paterson. The data they present suggest that the animals portrayed in the cave paintings were mostly the ones that the painters preferred for meat and for materials such as hides. For example, wild cattle (bovines) and horses are portrayed more often than we would expect by chance, probably because they were larger and heavier (meatier) than other animals in the environment. In addition, the paintings mostly portray animals that the painters may have feared the most because of their size, speed, natural weapons such as tusks and horns, and the unpredictability of their behavior. That is, mammoths, bovines, and horses are portrayed more often than deer and reindeer. Thus, the paintings are consistent with the idea that the art is related to the importance of hunting in the economy of Upper Paleolithic people. Consistent with this idea, according to the investigators, is the fact that the art of the cultural period that followed the Upper Paleolithic also seems to reflect how people got their food. But in that period, when getting food no longer depended on hunting large game animals (because they were becoming extinct), the art ceased to focus on portrayals of animals.
According to paragraph 4, which of the following may best represent the attitude of hunters toward deer and reindeer in the Upper Paleolithic period?
A. Hunters did not fear deer and reindeers as much as they did large game animals such as horses and mammoths.
B. Hunters were not interested in hunting deer and reindeer because of their size and speed.
C. Hunters preferred the meat and hides of deer and reindeer to those of other animals.
D. Hunters avoided deer and reindeer because of their natural weapons, such as horns.
答案A
初始定位句相對好找，根據(jù)題干中的deer and reindeer定位回原文的第五句，這個(gè)時(shí)候許許多多的同學(xué)，毫不猶豫就根據(jù)第五句選個(gè)差不多的答案了
BUT！我們仔細(xì)看，第五句有一個(gè)“that is”，這是多么明顯的一個(gè)信號(hào)詞，有解釋性，所以我們找觀點(diǎn)應(yīng)該往前面找，也就是人們更愿意描繪他們害怕的動(dòng)物，所以他們畫雅瑪象這些動(dòng)物比畫deer and reindeer多，因此可以得出A選項(xiàng)，說明他們不害怕deer and reindeer。
而B選項(xiàng)不對，是因?yàn)樵氖钦f他們畫什么就是他們怕什么，畫這些動(dòng)物是因?yàn)檫@些動(dòng)物本身的大小。所以“害不害怕”才是他們畫與不畫唯一的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，并不是他們對動(dòng)物感不感興趣。
上邊的題屬于可以精確定位的細(xì)節(jié)題，定位到某一個(gè)句子，然后根據(jù)句子里的信息判斷，相對來說還算...簡單。
來看看下面這道題，別說遇到對的選項(xiàng)了，確認(rèn)了半天眼神的你卻連定位句都找不著→_→
By 1800 more than a thousand steam engines were in use in the British Isles, and Britain retained a virtual monopoly on steam engine production until the 1830s. Steam power did not merely spin cotton and roll iron; early in the new century it also multiplied ten times over the amount of paper that a single worker could produce in a day. At the same time, operators of the first printing presses run by steam rather than by hand found it possible to produce a thousand pages in an hour rather than thirty. Steam also promised to eliminate a transportation problem not fully solved by either canal boats of turnpikes．Boats could carry heavy weights, but canals could not cross hilly terrain; turnpikes could cross the hills, but the roadbeds could not stand up under great weights. These problems needed still another solution, and the ingredients for it lay close at hand. In some industrial regions, heavily laden wagons, with flanged wheels, were being hauled by horses along metal rails; and the stationary steam engine was puffing in the factory and mine．Another generation passed; before Inventors succeeded in combining these ingredients by putting the engine on wheels and the wheels on the rails, so as to provide a machine to take the place of the horse. Thus the railroad age sprang from what had already happened in the eighteenth century.
According to paragraph 4, which of the following statements about steam engines is true?
A. They were used for the production of paper but not for printing
B. By 1800, significant numbers of them were produced outside of Britain
C. They were used in factories before they were used to power trains
D. They were used in the construction of canals and turnpikes
答案：C
這道題屬于典型的找不到準(zhǔn)確定位的類型，這種情況下，理清段落的行文以及邏輯就至關(guān)重要。
在這一段中，行文邏輯是先介紹steam engines的壟斷的這個(gè)情況，接下來平行介紹了steam engines能干嘛干嘛（不僅紡棉花，軋鋼，還增加造紙效率，也有希望解決交通問題）。
接著，提出幾個(gè)交通上的問題，并說明了是怎么用steam engine來解決的。
好，再回過頭來分析一下選項(xiàng)。
整段的前半段都在講steam engines（不僅可以用在紡織業(yè)，也用在打印業(yè)或造紙業(yè)上）。
（原文第四句）“steam also promise to” ---steam也有希望去解決交通的問題。
steam engines能夠去解決前兩個(gè)問題（spin cotton and roll iron & printing），同時(shí)他也有可能性解決其他問題（promise to正表示的這種possibility）所以才能選C選項(xiàng)，說明在他解決了工廠工業(yè)的問題之后，也能夠解決火車（交通）的問題。
D選項(xiàng)較有迷惑性，原因:文中雖然提到canals和turnpikes，但卻是說canals和turnpikes在運(yùn)輸上是怎么怎么的不好，這種不好后來又怎么用steam engine解決了，而D說steam engine用來發(fā)展canals和turnpikes，原文和選項(xiàng)講的兩回事！
綜上，我們在利用關(guān)鍵詞定位做托福閱讀的過程中，一定要注意靈活變通，一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞不能在文中迅速找到定位，就要考慮先摸清文章邏輯和作者行文思路再分析選項(xiàng)，轉(zhuǎn)變做題方式尋求突破，而不是一味死摳著“咋沒有定位句呢”。童鞋們在托福閱讀備考過程中要注意通過練習(xí)多反思多總結(jié)，積累相關(guān)做題經(jīng)驗(yàn)，提高隨機(jī)應(yīng)變的應(yīng)試能力。
