托福考生對于托福閱讀中的推斷題和細節題都不陌生,這兩類題目是托福閱讀中比較容易混淆和做錯的題目。大家在做這兩類的題目的時候要把握一定的托福閱讀解題技巧。下面我們來具體地分析一下這兩類題目。
一. 托福推斷題和細節題的異同
我們先來看看兩類題目的相同點,首先兩類題目都會涉及到原文內容,都需要考生去原文中定位題目的相關信息,所以從做題的第一步來看,兩類題目比較相似。但是這兩類題目的做題方法卻不一樣。推斷題需要考生對文中信息總結分析,結合整篇文章的觀點找到最佳答案。細節題相對簡單一些,只要在原文中找到相應內容并且定位準確,就能找到答案了。
二. 托福閱讀細節題解題技巧
細節題也被稱為事實信息題,大家在做題的時候只需要在原文對應的內容中找答案就可以了,不需要結合上下文去分析。那么如何才能又快有準確地做對細節題呢?找關鍵詞!關鍵詞可以幫助我們迅速定位題目在原文中的位置。如果是一些直接以段落形式出現的細節題就不需要大家定位細節題選項位置,此時需要大家去對比選項和原文,快速找到段落中的同義句位置,篩選正確答案。給大家舉個簡單的例子,牛學托福TPO第54套中第一篇閱讀文章第二題:
According to paragraph 1, all of the following characteristics of pine made it a desirable material for building in nineteenth-century America EXCEPT:
A. It was long lasting.
B. It was relatively easy to transport.
C. Its softness made it easy to work with.
D. It produced buildings that were especially attractive.
大家在做這道題的時候,要注意大寫的“EXCEPT”,也就是說要找到不包含的信息,我們要迅速在文章第一段定位同義句。下面是TPO第54套第一段原文:
In nineteenth-century America, practically everything that was built involved wood. Pine was especially attractive for building purposes.It is durable and strong(A), yet soft enough to be easily worked with even the simplest of hand tools(B).It also floats nicely on water, which allowed it to be transported to distant markets across the nation(C). The central and northern reaches of the Great Lakes states—Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota—all contained extensive pine forests as well as many large rivers for floating logs into the Great Lakes, from where they were transported nationwide.
迅速定位選項同義句以后,我們就能找到答案了,正確答案是D。大家要不要被“Pine was especially attractive for building purposes.”這句話迷惑了,仔細分析后你會發現,它和D選項表達的是完全不同的兩種意思。
三. 托福閱讀推斷題解題技巧
托福閱讀的推斷題比細節題更難一些,細節題只要找到原文中對應的位置就可以了,但是推斷題卻需要大家結合文章主題做出正確推斷。我們先來說說怎么定義一道題是推斷題,其實推斷題往往題干中會包含“infer、suggest、imply、indicate”一些單詞。推斷題不僅需要快速定位,還需要大家能夠正確分析文中相關內容,集合文章提供信息推理出合理選項。另外,推斷題還分為正向推斷和逆向推斷,正向推斷要找到相應的句子關系,逆向推斷要找到相應的內容,然后取反義。下面我們來看個具體的例子,仍然是以牛學TPO54套第一篇閱讀為例,第四題為推斷題:
What can be inferred from paragraph 2 about timber in America before the year 1860?
A. Farmers of the American West earned most of their income by selling timber to newly arrived settlers.
B. Timber came primarily from farmers who wished to supplement their income.
C. Timber was much more expensive before the year 1860 because it was less readily available.
D. Timber came primarily from large manufacturing companies in the East.
題干中我們發現了推斷題非常明顯的標志“inferred from”,另外題干中已經標明在第二段,那么我們就從第二段中來看。此時每個選項都要進行具體的分析,A選項可以定位到文中“No longer were farmers in search of extra income the main source for shingles, firewood, and other wood products.”所以農民已經不依靠銷售木料增加收入了,A項錯誤。B選項可以要通過逆向推斷來得知,原文中說到“1870年農民不再通過木質產品增加收入”,所以可推斷出木材來源主要在于一些農民想要增加收入。C和D選項通過與原文內容對比也都不符合原文中的意思。C選項原文中并未提及,D選項與B沖突,故為錯誤選項。
托福閱讀題目中的推斷題和細節題需要大家返回托福閱讀原文中去尋找答案。細節題一定可以在原文中找到對應內容,所以只要定位準確肯定可以做對;推理題要注意邏輯關系,通過文章提供的細節推斷出合理的答案,不僅要定位信息,還要對比推理。以上就是牛學君為大家帶來的托福閱讀解題解題技巧,希望對大家做題有所幫助。