如果要問托福閱讀中什么題型比較需要考生開動(dòng)腦筋,那么推理題應(yīng)該算是其中之一了。雖然說不上燒腦,但比起那些只要成功定位就能找到解題線索的題目,推理題對(duì)考生的邏輯思維分析能力還是有一定要求的,也因此讓許多同學(xué)感覺到了一點(diǎn)難度。做好托福閱讀推理題需要了解思路,下面小編就通過實(shí)例來為大家具體介紹。
托福閱讀推理題解題思路分析
從題型構(gòu)成上來看,托福閱讀10大題型中的推理題其實(shí)很像是細(xì)節(jié)題,似乎都是需要考生返回原文來尋找具體信息并加以解題的。而這兩種題型的不同之處在于細(xì)節(jié)題能夠在原文中找到對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)的細(xì)節(jié),最多進(jìn)行一些簡(jiǎn)單的表述形式變化,但含義卻保持一致,可以說相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單。
而推理題則需要大家在找到原文的基礎(chǔ)上再做進(jìn)一步的邏輯推理分析,正確選項(xiàng)代表的含義要靠大家自己思索出來,無法在原文中直接找到對(duì)應(yīng)內(nèi)容。換句話說,大家需要根據(jù)文中的相關(guān)依據(jù)再往前做簡(jiǎn)單推理才能得出答案。大家不要小看這一步推理的過程,很多同學(xué)偏偏就是不知道該怎么去進(jìn)一步思考推理。
做好推理題需要類比邏輯思維
既然提到了邏輯思維分析推理,接下來小編就來為大家介紹一下托福推理題中比較常用的類比邏輯思維方式。這種思維模式很簡(jiǎn)單,也就是文章中提到兩個(gè)事物,互為比較對(duì)象,而這兩個(gè)事物具有一些相同的特點(diǎn)特征,因此可以根據(jù)A事物具有的特征來推理出B事物也具備相同的特征。
舉個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的例子,像小劉一樣,小王也喜歡養(yǎng)貓。那么從這句話里,我們就可以通過類比思維來推斷出,小劉喜歡養(yǎng)貓。大家是不是覺得這也太容易了,不要小看這種推理思維,下面給大家兩道來自托福官方真題中的閱讀邏輯題做參考分析。
推理題類比思維解題技巧實(shí)例講解
實(shí)例1:
When it comes to physiology, the leatherback turtle is, in some ways, more like a reptilian whale than a turtle. It swims farther into the cold of the northern and southern oceans than any other sea turtle, and it deals with the chilly waters in a way unique among reptiles.
What can be inferred about whales from this paragraph?
A . They are considered by some to be reptiles.
B. Their bodies are built in a way that helps them manage extremely cold temperatures.
C .They are distantly related to leatherback turtles.
D .They can swim farther than leatherback turtles.
思路分析:
先來看一道簡(jiǎn)單一點(diǎn)的邏輯題,這段文字講了某種海龜?shù)奶攸c(diǎn),其中提到了鯨魚,問題就是能夠從這段文字中推理出什么和鯨魚有關(guān)的信息。根據(jù)infer這個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞,可以看出這是一道較為明顯的邏輯推理題。
這段文字一共就兩句話,第一句話就類似上面舉的簡(jiǎn)單例子里的“像小劉一樣”的這個(gè)部分,直接把類比雙方海龜和鯨魚提了出來。然后第二句話則說明了海龜具體具有的特點(diǎn)。那么根據(jù)類比邏輯,鯨魚應(yīng)該具有的也是第二句話中的這個(gè)特點(diǎn),接下來大家只要從選項(xiàng)里找到和第二句話內(nèi)容相近的部分就可以了,也就是海龜具有的應(yīng)對(duì)寒冷的獨(dú)特能力鯨魚也有,所以選B。
實(shí)例2:
Buck rubs also have a scent. These odors make buck rubs an important means of olfactory communication. Forehead rubbing by male deer on buck rubs presumably sends a great deal of information to other members of the same species. The presence of many well-marked rubs is indicative of older, higher-status males being in the general vicinity rather than simply being a crude measure of relative deer abundance in a given area. The information conveyed by the olfactory signals on a buck rub make it the social equivalent of some auditory signals in other deer species, such as trumpeting by bull elk.
What can be inferred from this paragraph about the trumpeting of bull elk?
A.Trumpeting by higher-status bull elk signals their presence to other members of their species.
B.Bull elk need to combine trumpeting with olfactory signals to covey information about their identity.
C.Trumpeting alerts white-tailed deer to the presence of bull elk in their vicinity.
D.Trumpeting provides a better measure of deer presence in a given area than buck rubs do.
思路分析:
接下來再來看這道更有難度的推理題,這道題目的類比邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)和上面正好相反,先說了A事物的一個(gè)特點(diǎn),然后再說B事物也有類似特點(diǎn)。對(duì)應(yīng)到原文中應(yīng)該就是文章的最后一句給出的提示,也就是buck rub散發(fā)出的olfactory signal和bull elk trumpeting發(fā)出的auditory signal有相同的作用。那么接下來大家就要去找出buck rub的olfactory signal有什么功效然后和選項(xiàng)對(duì)照一下就能得出正確答案了。
具體到文章里,buck rub的作用就是sends a great deal of information to other members of the same species和indicative of older, higher-status males being in the general vicinity,而trumpeting by bull elk應(yīng)該也具備類似功效,也就是選項(xiàng)A了。
總結(jié)以上兩個(gè)例子可以看出,托福閱讀中的邏輯題雖然需要考生進(jìn)行自主思考,但這種推理思考的難度其實(shí)也并不算高,大家不用想得太多太復(fù)雜,只需要稍稍進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的邏輯推理自然就能找到正確答案了。小編希望大家能夠通過上面的例子了解應(yīng)對(duì)托福閱讀邏輯題的正確和實(shí)用思路,更好地解答閱讀邏輯題拿到考試高分。