托福閱讀眾多題型中句子插入題可算是比較有特色的一種題型了。這道題目要求考生把某個句子放回到原文中并確保上下文句意通順邏輯合理,這種反向往文章里加內容而不是從已有文章里找線索的題型讓許多一下轉不過彎來的同學難以應對。如何做好這個題型?下面小編就從看銜接詞的角度實例講解正確解題思路。
托福閱讀句子插入題簡介
在托福閱讀的考查中,每篇文章必會出現一類題,叫做"Insert Text Questions",即句子插入題(簡稱插入題)。考試中,考生會遇到一句話,問該句插入文中四個黑色方塊中的哪個位置最合適。這類題型重點考查英文句子間的邏輯語義關系,即英文中句子與句子是如何銜接在一起的。
所以,考生只要掌握了英語句子間的銜接手法(cohesive devices),這種問題便可迎刃而解。 那么銜接手法到底有哪些呢?如何通過發現句子里的隱藏玄機而找到上下文的邏輯呢?下面小編先來給大家介紹一下兩種解決插入題可以參考的銜接手法。
句子插入題解題找銜接詞:代詞銜接
代詞銜接具體包括人稱代詞(they, them, it等)、指示代詞(these, this, such等)和關系代詞等(their, its等)。在上下句的關聯中,代詞是最為緊密的一類詞。當作者再次談及上句相關話題時,為了避免重復,遵循語言學的最簡單化原理,作者會用代詞指代該話題詞。因此,如果要插入的句子中出現代詞,表明句子前面含有該代詞指代的名詞事物或某句話所描述的事情。只要我們找到代詞所指代的內容,就可以把要插入的句子放在所指代內容的句子的后面。
句子插入題解題找銜接詞:定冠詞the + 名詞
名詞所指對象第一次出現時,用不定冠詞a連接,當后句再次提及該名詞對象時,為了表示它和前一句名詞是同一關系,會用定冠詞the引出。因此,如果句子中出現(the + 名詞),表明該名詞之前已出現,只要我們找到該名詞第一次出現的句子,把要插入的句子放在這個句子后面,再看邏輯是否通順即可。
托福閱讀句子插入提解題思路實例講解
以上兩種銜接手法可以通過以下這個例子來更好地說明:
We all know that many more people today are right-handed than left-handed. Can one trace this same pattern far back in prehistory? ■Much of the evidence about right-hand versus left-hand dominance comes from stencils and prints found in rock shelters in Australia and elsewhere, and in many Ice Age caves in France, Spain, and Tasmania. ■When a left hand has been stenciled, this implies that the artist was right-handed, and vice versa. ■Even though the paint was often sprayed on by mouth, one can assume that the dominant hand assisted in the operation. One also has to make the assumption that hands were stenciled palm downward—a left hand stenciled palm upward might of course look as if it were a right hand. ■Of 148 stencils in the French cave of Gargas, 136 have been identified as left, and only 22 as right; right-handedness was therefore heavily predominant.
Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit?
The stencils of hands found in these shelters and caves allow us to draw conclusions about which hand was dominant.
解題思路
快速閱讀需要被插入原文中的句子,馬上可以看到句子中提到了指示代詞these,其內容為these shelters and caves,根據指示代詞的性質,shelters and caves一定在上一句句子中提到,因此我們只需要尋找原文中含有這個信息的句子即可。另外,本句還有定冠詞the stencils,證明stencils也是在本句之前已出現。 然后分別閱讀四個方塊之前的句子:第二句提到既提到了stencils也提到了rock shelters和 Ice Age caves,因此可以判斷放在第二個黑色方塊的位置,代入進去后再讀一下是否通順即可確定。
簡而言之,要插入的句子里的代詞,定冠詞是破解上下文邏輯的關鍵。有了以上的“必殺技“,媽媽再也不用擔心我不會做插入句子題啦!