托福考試改革已經實施近兩個月了,不少近期考托的同學們可能都意識到了托福閱讀中的明顯變化。除了時間變短,題目變少之外,還有個非常明顯的變化就是托福閱讀的段落越來越長,這也給大家的定位原文帶來了更大的難度。如何在備考中調整方法適應更有挑戰(zhàn)性的托福閱讀考試?下面小編就來為大家分享高效備考心得。
托福閱讀考試難度變化分析
托福考試改革后閱讀部分算是變化比較大的一個科目。其中特別明顯的一個改變就是閱讀文章的段落長度有所增加,每一個段落里包含的信息更多,大家想要準確定位到題目涉及的內容越來越困難,那些曾經毫不費力就找到定位的題目一去不復返了。
所以從某種程度上來說,閱讀的難度較之前是有上升趨勢的,因為去掉的題目中有一半是可以做到秒選的詞匯題,另外一部分是相對比較容易的事實題和其他題型。去掉的都是容易的,留下的都是難啃的題目,面臨這樣的新挑戰(zhàn),大家就需要調整備考策略,做到更有科學針對性地備考。
如何根據改革調整托福閱讀備考計劃?
1. 詞匯方面依然不能放松
雖然詞匯題減少了一半,在總題數(shù)中的相對占比量減少,但并不意味著詞匯題不重要。詞匯作為語言學習中最基礎的敲門磚一定要扎實好。去掉的詞匯題相對也容易一些,所以詞匯題的備考必不可少。牛學君在這里推薦兩款備考神器:
a. 牛學托福APP。里面的閱讀部分有一個按題型練習,里面有699道詞匯題,這些詞匯題就是ETS官方模考套題TPO中的詞匯題的匯總,但是這些詞匯是在真題中會大量重復考的,大概占每場正式考試詞匯題的一半甚至以上,所以克服詞匯題的第一步就是先把這699詞匯題完成,查缺補漏;
b. 牛學每次考試前都會持續(xù)發(fā)布的詞匯預測。這個是針對699的詞匯進行的補充,這個預測詞匯庫是17年的詞匯題的匯總,而根據這套詞匯庫匯總,大家可以發(fā)現(xiàn)2019年的考試,重復舊題最多的是2017的舊題,所以這個預測詞匯庫可以說是非常有針對性的備考素材。各位考托的同學可以充分利用起來。
2. 理解方面要注重段落的結構和信息的歸納
剛剛小編已經說過,托福考試改革之后,托福閱讀的很多題目對應的段落都變得特別長。但題目方面大部分情況下卻依然是一段出1-2道題,有些時候,很長的段落可能也就考一道題,而這種題目考綜合事實性質的題型的概率比較高,所以對整體的段落結構和主要內容大家要有一個清晰的把握。比如下面這個段落:
Most amphibians do not exhibit parental care. This observation suggests that parental care has costs to the parents that may outweigh the enhanced survival of offspring. Reduced reproductive output is one cost of parental care. Species that exhibit parental care usually produce fewer eggs per clutch than related species that do not have parental care. Furthermore, time and energy spent on parental care may limit opportunities for additional matings. Another cost may be decreased food intake for the caring parent. Parents typically do not eat when they are guarding nests or eggs, and females that remain with their clutch produce fewer clutches overall than do females that do not remain with their clutch. Reduced rates of parental survival are another potential cost of parental care. Remaining with the eggs could increase an individual’s vulnerability to predation. Because most amphibians are small and have ineffective defenses against vertebrate predators, parental care could increase the risks of the parents’death and might not save their eggs or young.
這是一篇2016.11.13的原題,是一個相對比較新的真題庫文章。這個段落就考了一個非常綜合的事實題,具體題目如下:
According to paragraph 5, providing parental care is associated with which of the following?
A. More clutches produced per female
B. Less danger to parents from predators
C. More food needed by caregiving parents
D. Fewer eggs produced per clutch
針對這個題目,大家如果想要按照常規(guī)做法,通過關鍵詞比如parental care去找定位,就會發(fā)現(xiàn)整段都在講parental care,定位很難找。這個時候大家需要把整體的段落結構梳理一下,可能整段內容會看得更清楚一些,比如:
Most amphibians do not exhibit parental care. This observation suggests that parental care has costs to the parents that may outweigh the enhanced survival of offspring(論證parental care利大于弊). Reduced reproductive output is one cost of parental care.(第一個壞處:繁殖量減少) Species that exhibit parental care usually produce fewer eggs per clutch than related species that do not have parental care.(該句話是上一句話的展開) Furthermore, time and energy spent on parental care may limit opportunities for additional matings.(第2個壞處:限制了mating的機會) Another cost may be decreased food intake for the caring parent. (第3個壞處:吃的食物減少)Parents typically do not eat when they are guarding nests or eggs, and females that remain with their clutch produce fewer clutches overall than do females that do not remain with their clutch. (針對上面小觀點的展開)Reduced rates of parental survival are another potential cost of parental care.(第4個壞處:減少parental存活率) Remaining with the eggs could increase an individual’s vulnerability to predation. Because most amphibians are small and have ineffective defenses against vertebrate predators, parental care could increase the risks of the parents’death and might not save their eggs or young.(針對第4個點的展開)
這樣分析了段落之后,整體的結構就非常青楚了,然后再去對應選項會發(fā)現(xiàn),A,B,C都跟原文的幾個小觀點反了,直接選D,對應上了第一個小觀點。是不是這樣答案一目了然多了。
3. 備考素材要與時俱進
托福官方模考套題TPO是一個相對比較老的備考素材了,TPO40之前的文章整體的難度都小于現(xiàn)在考試的難度,所以如果想利用TPO的話,難度相當?shù)奶最}是TPO50及之后的文章,TPO40-49,有些難度也不大,不過可以作為補充背景知識的一個比較好的素材,因為里面的文章,話題比較廣。
至于TPO40之前的,如果基礎不是很好的同學,可以利用40之前的文章打基礎。除了TPO,另外更有針對性的素材是預測題庫,牛學每次考試之前都會發(fā)預測題庫,那里面的40篇文章可以作為一個重要的備考素材,另外就是大范圍預測題庫里面有147篇文章,這個題庫中覆蓋的話題更全面,對于長線備考的學生來說是個不錯的素材,而且,這些經典題目的分析解讀類資料也是比較多的。
總而言之,托福考試改革后閱讀部分的改變并不僅僅是考試時間和題目數(shù)量,具體題型的變化以及文章結構段落長度的調整大家也需要趕快適應起來,在備考中提前做好應對措施,以確保能在之后的考試中取得理想的成績。