根據(jù)語(yǔ)法中的平行和從屬結(jié)構(gòu)原則，一個(gè)復(fù)合句中必須要有一個(gè)過(guò)渡詞，否則句子是不符合語(yǔ)法規(guī)則的。過(guò)渡詞作為一種關(guān)系指引詞，一般由副詞或起副詞作用的短語(yǔ)承擔(dān)。此外，代詞、連詞、上下文的近義詞等也可作過(guò)渡詞。要寫(xiě)出清晰流暢的文章，就需要把文章中各部分巧妙地連接在一起。這樣可使文章自然而別致，并能層層展開(kāi)主題句，完整地表達(dá)中心思想。而過(guò)渡詞(Transitional Words)就是連接這些部分的紐帶，使文章起、承、轉(zhuǎn)、合，融會(huì)貫通，連成一體。下面我們就來(lái)了解一下各類過(guò)渡詞的具體使用，如何起承轉(zhuǎn)合構(gòu)成一篇邏輯嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)暮梦恼隆?
一、 “起” ——用于開(kāi)篇或引出擴(kuò)展句
1. at first/ in the beginning 起初
2. at present 現(xiàn)在;當(dāng)今
3. recently/ lately 最近
4. first/ firstly/ first of all 第一
5. generally speaking 一般地說(shuō)
6. on the whole 總的說(shuō)來(lái)
7. It is well understood that 眾所周知
8. There goes a saying that 俗話說(shuō)
9. for one thing..., for another/ also... 首先，其次
10. presently 此刻;現(xiàn)在
11. to begin with/ to start with 首先;第一
12. in general 一般來(lái)說(shuō)
13. on the one hand, on the other hand 一方面，另一方面
14. As the saying goes, ’...’ 俗話說(shuō)，...
二、 “承” ——用來(lái)承接上下文
1. by this time 此時(shí)
2. at the same time 同時(shí)
3. after a while 過(guò)了一會(huì)兒
4. after a few days 幾天以后
5. second/ secondly 第二;第二點(diǎn)
6. in addition 另外
7. besides/ what’s more 另外
8. by the way 順便提一句
9. in other words 換句話說(shuō)
10. in particular/ particularly 特別地
http://11.in the same way 同樣地
12.obviously 明顯地
13. no doubt 無(wú)疑地
14. for example/ for instance 例如
15. therefore 因此
16. indeed 的確
17. unlike 不象
18. certainly 當(dāng)然
19. for another 其次
20. still 仍然
21.similarly 同樣地
22. worse still 更糟的是
三、 “轉(zhuǎn)” ——用來(lái)表示不同或相反的意見(jiàn)
1. in/ by contrast 對(duì)比之下
2. unfortunately 不幸地
3. though/ although 盡管
4. even though 即使
5. anyway 無(wú)論如何
6. after all 畢竟
7. all the same 依然;照樣
8. in fact/ as a matter of fact 事實(shí)上
9. fortunately 幸運(yùn)地
10. however 然而
11. in spite of 盡管;雖然
12. at the same time 同時(shí);然而
13. otherwise 否則
14. on the contrary 相反
15. especially 尤其
16. There are two sides to everything. 凡事都有兩面性
四、 “合” ——用于小結(jié)上文或結(jié)束本段落的內(nèi)容
1. in a word/ all in all/ in conclusion 總之
2. to conclude/ to summarize 總之
3. in brief/ in short/ in summary 總之
4. on the whole 總體來(lái)說(shuō)
5. above all 最重要的是
6. as a result 結(jié)果
7. obviously 顯然
8. As far as I' m concerned 就我而言
9. Taking all these into consideration 考慮到
10. accordingly 因此
11. therefore/ thus 因此
12. as has been noted 如前所述
13. as I have said 如我所述
14. by doing so 如此
15. to speak frankly/ to be frank 坦白地說(shuō)
16. It is quite clear that 很明顯
17. There is no denying that 無(wú)可否認(rèn)
18. Considering 考慮到
