從很多學生SAT寫作成績的三項得分數據來看，最為困擾大家的是analysis，也就是關于要是關于reasoning邏輯推理的考查，其實不單對國人來說它最難，對母語老外來說也如此，應該如何攻克呢?

過一些美國人教SAT寫作，作為寫作老師，考自己的母語考試，寫作分數也是8/7/8，唯一沒有滿分的就是analysis一項。其實大家不必太過于苛求analysis的分數，本來寫作就是一個主觀科目，SAT寫作又是評析性寫作，類似于中國的閱讀理解一樣，就像咱們答高考語文，也同樣很難在閱讀理解上得到滿分。每個人對于文章都有自己不同的理解，所以只要大家在SAT寫作analysis上盡可能得到相對的高分——6分或者7分，加上其他兩項相對好得分的reading和writing，那么整體分數就很樂觀了。

根據SAT寫作考查方向來看，除了分析論據之外，我們必須還要關注閱讀文章作者是如何“排兵布陣”，組織論據，證明論點的，也就是要分析閱讀文章的論證方式。所以說，evidence論據解決的是“用什么來論證”的問題，而reasoning論證解決的則是“如何使用論據證明論點”的問題。一篇議論文，如果只是幾個例子，數據，事實等論據簡單陳述甚至是雜亂無章的列羅的話，那么讀者也同樣會一頭霧水，不知所云，邏輯混亂，也不會接收到文章想要傳達的最核心的內容。所以高質量的議論文必定會采用清晰的邏輯順序，合理的結構安排，順暢的行文思路來展開自己的論述。

關于reasoning一項考查的最淺顯的部分就是對于文章的結構把握，常見的議論文邏輯結構有：

Pattern 1 Definition

(1) add to the definition by offering specific examples;

(2) provide information about history, location, context, or usage;

(3) explain how the term differs from a similar word or phrase;

(4) further define the key term by introducing its antonym, or term opposite in meaning.

Pattern 2 Comparison and Contrast

(1) With the help of comparison, authors can help readers better understand the things being compared. For example, comparing something abstract with something concrete and familiar may help readers easily know the former.

(2) With the help of contrast, authors will be able to emphasize something effectively by putting it in front of its opposite. For example, by putting the beautiful and the ugly, or the good and the evil together, an author can easily convince readers the beauty or kindness of a person.

Pattern 3 Cause and Effect

The process of explaining how an event leads to or produces another is the pattern of cause and effect. In this pattern, if A leads to B, A is called the cause while B the effect. The pattern of cause and effect, when used, helps readers to have a clear understanding of not only what happens or what happens first, but more importantly why something happens, which is essential for knowing about an event.

Pattern 4 Time Order

Writers use the process pattern to tell their readers how something works, happens, or develops.

(1) describe what made a particular span of time eventful or memorable, making people realize the significance or influence of something;

(2) chart the career of an important figure, helping readers to have a better understanding of the person discussed;

(3) explain how some theory, invention, or activity came to be part of culture or history, building a general background for readers or to help them realize the significance of them.

Pattern 5 classifications

In the classification pattern, the order of the supporting details is also not important. However, there is a critical difference between simple listing and classification. Paragraphs relying on the classification pattern always make the same point: They tell the reader how some larger group can be broken down into smaller subgroups, or classes, each with its own defining set of characteristics. The use of classification patterns can help readers to understand easier abstract or complicated concepts, ideas, or events.

關于邏輯推理考查的比較深刻的部分就是對于原閱讀文章邏輯行文走向的考查，所以除了上面提到的一種相對簡單的reasoning之外，大家如果想在reasoning這項再獲取更多分數的話，就要對文章的句子和句子之間的邏輯，段落和段落之間的邏輯分析的越細致越全面越好。而這個能力不是一朝一夕能練成的，需要大家進行大量的高質量的閱讀地道的議論文才能慢慢提高，這也是reasoning為什么難得分的原因。另外，我還建議大家在考試的時候也可以適當的用自己習慣的符號或者批注的方式進行細致的標注，這樣你會對這篇文章的邏輯做到一目了然。

附SAT寫作的評分標準：

新SAT作文分數是如何打出來的，滿分是多少?

和舊SAT寫作一樣，每篇作文的分數都是由兩位閱卷人所打分數相加得來。不同之處在于，每位閱卷人分別要對Reading，Analysis，Writing三個單項打分(1-4)，各單項分數相加得到最終作文分數(也是由三個單項分數組成)，滿分8/8/8。

而最讓人驚異的是，閱卷人打分所用的時間只有幾十秒中，基本等于把文章掃一遍，分數就立即打出了!

官方對每個單項的滿分要求是什么?有什么需要特別注意的?

Reading

The response shows an understanding of the text’s central idea(s) and of most important details and how they interrelate, demonstrating a comprehensive understanding of the text.

The response is free of errors of fact or interpretation with regard to the text.

The response makes skillful use of textual evidence (quotations, paraphrases, or both), demonstrating a complete understanding of the source text.

解析：對這部分官方的要求已經很清楚了，概括來說就是要：準確理解作者的中心思想和最重要細節，分析這些細節與作者觀點之間的聯系，熟練運用引用或轉述來展現對文章的理解。

需要注意的是，“準確理解”是新SAT寫作最基礎的要求，也是我們得分的前提。只要正確概括重要細節并做合理解析，Reading的分數就不難拿到手。但是，假若理解錯誤，那么不僅Reading，Analysis，甚至Writing的分數也全都不可能得到了!因此，選擇細節時，除了需要確定細節與作者論點之間的聯系之外，還要務必避免那些自己讀不懂的內容。

Analysis

The response offers an insightful analysis of the source text and demonstrates a sophisticated understanding of the analytical task.

The response offers a thorough, well-considered evaluation of the author’s use of evidence, reasoning, and/or stylistic and persuasive elements, and/or feature(s) of the student’s own choosing.

The response contains relevant, sufficient, and strategically chosen support for claim(s) or point(s) made.

The response focuses consistently on those features of the text that are most relevant to addressing the task.

解析：這是官方最讓人摸不著頭腦的描述，總之就是一個要求：分析要深入，透徹且必須圍繞觀點進行。那么怎樣寫才算達到了“insightful”“thorough”的要求呢?通過研究官方范文analysis部分評語發現，只要能夠分析出細節的深層含義(connotation)，說明細節如何能夠論證作者觀點以及為什么能夠達到說服讀者的效果，analysis的要求就算達到了。

Writing

The response is cohesive and demonstrates a highly effective use and command of language.

The response includes a precise central claim.

The response includes a skillful introduction and conclusion. The response demonstrates a deliberate and highly effective progression of ideas both within paragraphs and throughout the essay.

The response has a wide variety in sentence structures. The response demonstrates a consistent use of precise word choice. The response maintains a formal style and objective tone.

The response shows a strong command of the conventions of standard written English and is free or virtually free of errors.

解析：除了對開頭結尾的要求之外，其余標準大致與其他寫作考試一致：行文連貫，句式多樣，用詞準確、正式，少語法錯誤。連貫性主要通過邏輯連接詞和語意重復來加強，至于句式和用詞，可以通過借鑒和范文中的表達，提升自己的語言質量。提高語言質量是一項長期任務，只有通過不斷磨練，才能漸臻佳境。

以上就是小編為大家帶來的《SAT寫作高分 從提升邏輯分析能力開始》的全部內容。希望考生們能聽取這些建議與叮囑放松心情，將SAT考試看成是因公出國旅游，豈不妙哉。更多SAT備考知識與技巧攻略，請持續關注牛學SAT頻道。祝2018年與SAT一戰即高分。