雖然說在雅思考試當中閱讀，很多人都認為是有技巧的，但是技巧解題的表現一般就是在課堂上我們把題目解答出來而已，但是當你認真的去理解整句話的意思是很多考生都開始不說話，其實語法對我們來說也是很重要的。

雅思閱讀語法：

　　一. 了解英語里的句子類型

　　英語句子的基本類型有簡單句、并列句和復合句。

　　簡單句：句子中只有一套主謂結構的叫簡單句。

　　比如(劍橋5，Wilderness tourism operates throughout the year in fragile areas. )

　　這句話中只有一套主謂結構，主語是wilderness toursim，謂語動詞是operates。

　　并列句：句子中有兩套或者兩套以上主謂結構，并且這些主謂結構之間屬于并列關系。

　　比如 (劍橋7， The disastrous Hanshin earthquake in 1995 killed 6,400 people, toppled elevated highways, flattened office blocks and devastated the port area of Kobe. )

　　這句話中有4套主謂結構，分別是Hanshin earthquake killed, Hanshin earthquake toppled, Hanshin earthquake flattened and Hanshin earthquake devastated。因為這4個謂語動詞共用一個主語Hanshin earthquake,所以作者在寫這個句子的時候只讓Hanshin earthquake出現一次。

　　復合句：其實也就是通常說的主從句結構。這樣的句子里有兩套或兩套以上主謂結構，并且這些主謂結構之間屬于從屬關系。劍橋閱讀的閱讀中有太多這樣的例子。

　　比如 (劍橋7， Japanese scholars have been mystified for ages about why these tall, slender buildings are so stable. )

　　這句話中有2套主謂結構，一個是主句中的Japanese scholars have been mystified, 另外一個是由why引導的賓語從句中的buildings are so stable. 賓語從句中的主謂結構從屬于主語，因為它是作為整個句子的賓語部分而存在。

　　二、了解讓句子變長的原因

　　相信很多學生對此有同感：閱讀文章里的長句讀著讀著就迷失了，讀了結尾就不知道開頭在哪了。而寫作文時要秀一下長句卻往往心有意而力不足。接著我們就來看看是什么讓英語句子變長了?真的總是如學生抱怨的那樣，太多從句了嗎?

　　比如：(劍橋7， Yet in 826, with only pegs and wedges to keep his wooden structure upright, the master builder Kobodaishi had no hesitation in sending his majestic Toji pagoda soaring fifty-five metres into the sky-nearly half as high as the Kasumigaseki skyscraper built some eleven centuries later.)

　　這個句子雖然看似很長，但其實是一個簡單句。主語是the master builder Kobodaishi，謂語和賓語是had no hesitation in doing sth, 所以主干意思就是Kobodaishi建筑大師毫不猶豫去做了某件事情。至于yet in 826這是一個時間狀語, with only pegs and wedges to keep his wooden structure upright 這也是with引導的一個伴隨狀語，nearly half as high as the Kasumigaseki skyscraper built some eleven centuries later這個補語，用來補充說明fifty-five metres into the sky究竟是有多高。由這個例子，我們可以得出一些附屬句子成分像狀語和補語會讓句子變長。

　　再來看一個句子，比如(劍橋5，Much attention has focused on erosion along major trails, but perhaps more important are the deforestation and impacts on water supplies arising from the need to provide tourists with cooked food and hot showers. )

　　這個句子里有2套主謂結構，一個是 attention has focused on, 另外一個是 more important are deforestation and impacts 并且這2套主謂結構由but相連，屬于一個并列句。對剩下成分進行分析，我們發現，erosion后面有個短語along major trails, 這個是用來修飾限定erosion的，即主要步道沿路的侵蝕，impacts on water supply后面也有一個修飾成分arising from the need to provide tourists with cooked food and hot showers. 因為需要給游客提供熟食和熱水澡而引發的對水供給造成的影響。

　　簡而言之，講到長句，學生們不需要直接把它們與從句等同起來。句子變長，還有一部分原因是因為句子中嵌入了很多附屬成分比如說狀語，定語和補語。我們可以利用這個規律，在讀長句時有意識地先把這些附屬成分先略去不看，先把主干(即主謂)找出來，那我們對句子的理解肯定也能做到八九不離十了。

　　三、了解一些不常見的句子結構

　　一些有著特殊結構的句子也成了閱讀中的攔路虎。

1. 強調句

　　比如：(劍橋7，It was only thirty years ago that the building industry felt confident enough to erect office blocks of steel and reinforced concrete that had more than a dozen floors.)

　　理解強調句的時候可以先將其還原成正常語序的句子，便于理解。 The building industry felt confident enough to erect office blocks of steel and reinforced concrete that had more than a dozen floors only thirty years ago. 建筑行業才開始有信心去建立辦公大樓，辦公大樓是鋼筋混凝土結構，辦公大樓超過12層，盡僅僅30年前。重新組合一下這些短句的順序，就變成建筑行業是從30年前才開始有信心建造超過12層樓高的鋼筋混凝土結構的辦公大樓。

2. 倒裝句

　　比如：(Down came the “white only” notices in buses, hotels, trains, restaurants, sporting events, rest rooms and on park benches that once could be found everywhere throughout the South.)

　　這句話因為把down放句首了，用了倒裝的結構，正常順序應該是the “white only” notices came down in buses, hotels, trains, restaurants, sporting events, rest rooms and on park benches that once could be found everywhere throughout the South. ‘in buses, hotels, trains, restaurants, sporting events, rest rooms and on park benches’這個介詞短語作為后置定語修飾notices。介詞短語后面還有一個that引導的定語從句修飾notices。對倒裝完成沒有概念的同學看到這句話后說不定還會覺得這個句子寫錯了。

3. the more..., the more... 句型, 翻譯成越...，越...

　　比如：(劍橋6，In fact, Newman believes the main reason for adopting one sort of transport over another is politics: ‘ The more democratic the process, the more public transport is favored.’)

　　事實上，Newman認為采取偏向采用某種交通工具的主要原因是政治：“過程越民主，公共交通就越受歡迎。”)

4. 賓語+賓補

　　比如：(劍橋7，Food production has kept pace with soaring population mainly because of the expansion of artificial irrigation systems that make possible the growth of 40% of the world’s food.)

　　主干是food production has kept pace with soaring population 糧食生產跟上了人口飆升的步伐，后面跟了一個because of artificial irrigation短語作原因狀語，并且在irrigation systems后面還跟了一個定語從句that make possible the growth of 40% of the world’s food 來修飾irrigation systems。在這個定語從句里， make possible the growth of 40% of the world’s food這個就是賓語加賓語補足語的結構，the growth of 40% of the world’s food 是賓語，possible是補充說明賓語的結果，合起來就是make the growth of 40% of the world’s food possible。但是為了不讓只有一個單詞possible作補語看起來太單薄，就將它和he growth of 40% of the world’s food換了位置。但是學生在讀句子的時候，應該要自動幫它們還原。