托福口語(yǔ)中的綜合口語(yǔ)考察的并非只有考生的口語(yǔ)表達(dá)能力，大家的閱讀技巧也同樣會(huì)受到考驗(yàn)。特別是在面對(duì)一些內(nèi)容較多多樣細(xì)節(jié)很多的閱讀材料時(shí)，如果考生沒(méi)法快速看懂材料內(nèi)容，勢(shì)必會(huì)影響到答題節(jié)奏增加時(shí)間消耗。下面小編就來(lái)為大家講解托福口語(yǔ)TASK3把握閱讀節(jié)奏的技巧。
托福口語(yǔ)TASK3把握閱讀節(jié)奏技巧介紹
第三題屬于校園場(chǎng)景，閱讀材料按內(nèi)容可以劃分成兩種：學(xué)校通告(Announcement)和個(gè)人建議(Letter/Proposal)。兩者雖然在內(nèi)容上不同，但文章結(jié)構(gòu)是一致的。這是一個(gè)好現(xiàn)象，因?yàn)槲覀兛梢酝ㄟ^(guò)固定的文章結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)快速判斷主旨句的位置。其實(shí)，學(xué)校的通告也好，個(gè)人的建議也罷，都符合西方人開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。換言之，無(wú)論是什么內(nèi)容的材料，主旨句通常出現(xiàn)在前兩句。這給我們提供了很大的便利，因?yàn)槲覀兛梢砸源藖?lái)提高我們的閱讀速度。我們先來(lái)看一則學(xué)校通告的例子：
RequiredWork Experience
Thebusiness studies department at State University will now require all studentsenrolled in its program to complete one semester of work experience in a localcorporation or small business. It is felt that students will benefit from thiswork experience by developing leadership and organizational skills that wouldnot normally be learned in a classroom or campus setting. furthermore, therelationship that students establish with the company that they work for mayhelp them to secure permanent employment with that company once they havecompleted the program and graduated.
我們拿到一段材料通常第一件事是看標(biāo)題，因?yàn)槟悄軒椭覀兛焖僬莆詹牧系闹髦迹晕覀冎辣绢}的主旨與work experience有關(guān)，接下來(lái)就剩細(xì)節(jié)了。通過(guò)剛才講過(guò)的方法，我們知道主旨句一定在前兩句，所以我們稍微放慢速度閱讀前兩句。通過(guò)題目一開(kāi)始的旁白我們已經(jīng)知道這是一篇學(xué)校通告，所以為了提升速度，我們快速跳過(guò)一些“虛詞”，包括學(xué)校名稱(chēng)、院系、以及表示“要求”、“建議”等意思的詞。因?yàn)檫@些詞在大部分的學(xué)校通告材料中出現(xiàn)且無(wú)實(shí)際意義，所以我們可以快速略過(guò)。那本題中，我們只需要仔細(xì)閱讀第一行require后面的內(nèi)容就可以了。這時(shí)我們的工作量就又減少了，速度也就提升了。通過(guò)閱讀我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，本題的主旨就在第一句，所以趕緊記下來(lái)關(guān)鍵詞(動(dòng)詞、名詞優(yōu)先)，保證主旨句有分。
下面我們?cè)賮?lái)看一個(gè)個(gè)人建議的例子：
UniversityShould Pave Running Trails
Theuniversity has about three miles of unpaved dirt running trails that passthrough the forest near campus. I think these trails should be paved withcement. One reason for paving the trails would be to increase their safety.When it rains, the dirt turns to mud and becomes very slippery, so the runnerswho use them can slip and fall. Pavement would solve this problem. Also, pavingwould make the trails look nicer, which would encourage students to use them.Bumps in the trial would be smoothed out and weeds would be paved over, makingthe trail more attractive to runners.
Sincerely Sally Jacobs
個(gè)人建議的閱讀材料更容易判斷主旨句，我們只需要快速找到第一人稱(chēng)I或We出現(xiàn)的一句就OK了。根據(jù)技巧，我們找到本題的主旨就是I think these trails should be paved with cement。但是為了答案更具體更完整，我們應(yīng)該把句中的these指代的內(nèi)容找出來(lái)，根據(jù)指代原則，我們從第一句找到了unpaved dirt running trails。所以，本題的主旨就是Thestudent suggests that the unpaved dirt running trails should be paved with cement。這樣就可以快速搞定主旨句了。
然而，光找主旨是不夠的，我們還需要找出除了主旨之外的重點(diǎn)。這個(gè)重點(diǎn)通常包括學(xué)校做法或個(gè)人建議的原因、目的、功能、作用等，而且大部分情況下都是兩點(diǎn)。我們?cè)趺茨芸焖贉?zhǔn)確地定位到這兩點(diǎn)呢?很簡(jiǎn)單，通過(guò)表示列舉和增補(bǔ)關(guān)系的連接詞，或起到連接性作用的短語(yǔ)等，包括：First, one reason, on one hand, in addition,additionally, also, furthermore, moreover, what’s more, anotherreason/purpose/benefit等。我們應(yīng)該首先快速定位這些詞，這樣能幫我們立即找到兩點(diǎn)原因。就拿剛才的例子來(lái)說(shuō)，我們能迅速地發(fā)現(xiàn)One reason for paving the trails would be toincrease their safety和Also, paving would make the trails look nicer,which would encourage students to use them。做到這，我們的任務(wù)基本就完成了。接下來(lái)我們稍微放慢速度閱讀這兩句，記下關(guān)鍵詞。如果還剩其他的句子，都只是起輔助作用的內(nèi)容，快速閱讀即可。如果還剩時(shí)間，我們應(yīng)該把所找的重點(diǎn)再反復(fù)閱讀，加深理解。
當(dāng)然，閱讀材料并不是絕對(duì)的固定結(jié)構(gòu)。有時(shí)我們?cè)谖闹邪l(fā)現(xiàn)不了上述提到的連接詞的時(shí)候，只能逐句閱讀，抓緊記下一點(diǎn)原因之后，快速閱讀剩余句子，先判斷一下是否與已記下的內(nèi)容雷同，如果沒(méi)有不同的點(diǎn)可以記，我們只能判斷本題只有一個(gè)原因了。比如下列一段材料：
HousingRenovations Planned
Overthe last ten years, the number of Central College students living on campus indormitories has decreased by twenty percent. In an effort to counteract thetrend, the college has announced a plan to renovate its on-campus housing. Therenovations will take two years, and they will include improvements to thebathrooms, lighting, and heating in the dormitories. “A lot of people aremoving off campus because the dorms aren’t in great shape,” explained thecollege president. “By renovating the dorms, we can make them more appealingthan off-campus housing, and more students will choose to remain on campus.”
我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，本段沒(méi)有上述鏈接詞，也沒(méi)有明顯的分層，通過(guò)閱讀我們發(fā)現(xiàn)文章一再地提到學(xué)生搬出校園以及翻修宿舍的目的是為了吸引學(xué)生住校。所以我們能肯定本題的原因就是“吸引學(xué)生住校”。所以，通過(guò)有快有慢、有重點(diǎn)有技巧的閱讀，我們就絕不會(huì)落下得分點(diǎn)。
以上就是托福口語(yǔ)中綜合口語(yǔ)TASK3的把握閱讀節(jié)奏技巧實(shí)例分析，你學(xué)會(huì)了嗎?
