托福閱讀文章讀不懂，多半是因為詞匯和長難句。如果詞匯量積累尚有欠缺，建議大家多背詞匯，詞匯量提升以后閱讀文章也就不難理解了。那如果是因為長難句導致閱讀文章理解障礙該怎么辦呢?大家要學習長難句的分析方法。

一.例解析托福閱讀長難句

1.句子

The people of the Netherlands, with a long tradition of fisheries and mercantile shipping, had difficulty in developing good harbors suitable for steamships: eventually they did so at Rotterdam and Amsterdam, with exceptional results for transit trade with Germany and central Europe and for the processing of overseas foodstuffs and raw materials (sugar, tobacco, chocolate, grain, and eventually oil).

2.難點

本句的難點在于句子的修飾成分比較復雜，句子主干淹沒在長長的定語和狀語中。遇到這種句子只需要理清各個成分的修飾關系，就算定語和狀語很長，找到了句子主干和修飾關系，句子意思也就明朗了。這里需要分清楚定語和狀語的區別，定語修飾的是名詞性的成分，一般緊挨著被修飾詞(比如，results for transit trade…，for transit trade修飾的是results)，而狀語則修飾非名詞性成分，而且位置比較靈活，放在句首、句中或者句尾都不影響句子含義。

3.拆分

并列句1：The people of the Netherlands, with a long tradition of fisheries and mercantile shipping, had difficulty in developing good harbors suitable for steamships.并列句2：Eventually they did so at Rotterdam and Amsterdam, with exceptional results for transit trade with Germany and central Europe and for the processing of overseas foodstuffs and raw materials (sugar, tobacco, chocolate, grain, and eventually oil).

4.句子成分

并列句1：The people of the Netherlands, [主語] with a long tradition of fisheries and mercantile shipping, [定語] had [謂語] difficulty [賓語] in developing good harbors suitable for steamships. [定語]

翻譯：有著悠久傳統的漁業和航運業的荷蘭人，在建造適合汽船停靠的優良海港上遇到難題。

并列句2：Eventually [狀語] they [主語] did [謂語] so [賓語] at Rotterdam and Amsterdam, [狀語] with exceptional results [狀語] for transit trade with Germany and central Europe [定語] and [連接詞] for the processing of overseas foodstuffs and raw materials [定語] (sugar, tobacco, chocolate, grain, and eventually oil). [同位語]

翻譯：在鹿特丹和阿姆斯特丹他們終于做到了，同時取得了杰出的成果，他們與德國和中歐地區進行貿易運輸，而且對海外食品和原材料進行加工。(從糖類、煙草、巧克力、糧食到原油)

5.整句英譯漢

有著悠久歷史傳統的漁業和航運業的荷蘭人，在建造適合汽船停靠的優良海港上遇到難題：在鹿特丹和阿姆斯特丹他們終于做到了，同時取得了杰出的成果，他們與德國和中歐地區進行貿易運輸，而且對海外食品和原材料進行加工(從糖類、煙草、巧克力、糧食到原油)。

二.托福閱讀長難句知識點

1.定語

定語是用來修飾、限定、說明名詞或代詞的品質與特征的成分。

① In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events.

② Possible solutions to the problem are formulated.

2.狀語

狀語是謂語里的另一個附加成分,從情況、時間、處所，方式、條件、對象，肯定、否定、范圍和程度等方面對謂語中心(或者整個句子)進行修飾或限制。

① In a way, any hypothesis is a leap into the unknown.

② It extends the scientist's thinking beyond the known facts.

3.并列句

并列句是構成并列復合句的簡單句。

① I like action movies but I don't like thrillers.

② Take the chance, or else you will regret it.

托福閱讀長難句的理解需要大家能找準句子中的成分，學會將長難句拆分或簡化成簡單句，這樣理解起來就容易多了。上文中為大家舉出托福閱讀長難句分析的實例，希望大家在備考中能夠參照文中分析方法結合實際情況來做長難句分析。